Poikilocytes Target Cells (Codocytes) Acanthocytes (Spur cells) Blister Cells Burr Cells ( Echinocytes) Ovalocytes/ Other abnormalities found on the film, such as elliptocytes, acanthocytes, burr cells, sickle cells, target cells, agglutination, erythrophagocytosis, or parasites, may help reveal the specific disorder causing the hemolysis (Table 20.4). Anisopoikilocytosis — variability in both RBC size and shape Ovalocytes sometimes occur in newborn infants. Burr Cells or Echinocytes – These cells are usually smaller with short, ... Ovalocytes or Elliptocytes – These cells are pencil shaped or egg shaped; the related medical conditions are hereditary elliptocytosis, iron deficiency anemia, other anemia and thalassemias. These red blood cells are crescent-shaped and contain hemoglobin S. This is the tale-tell sign of sickle cell anemia. The presence of teardrop cells (dacrocytes) (Figure below) in the peripheral blood, named for their tear drop shape, is a prominent feature of myelophthisic (marrow infiltrative) conditions, including myelofibrosis, hematologic malignancies, cancer metastatic to the bone marrow, and granulomatous diseases. If the varying red blood cells are low in number, doctors categorize the condition as +1 Anisocytosis. In univariate analysis, burr cells at admission correlated with a mortality rate of 27.3%. 5.8). ()An increased number of poikilocytes can be life-threatening for the individual too. The medical advice given should not be considered a substitute for medical care provided by a doctor who can examine you. Normal red blood cells are round, flattened disks that are thinner in the middle than at the edges. Other tests for diagnosis of specific types of hemolytic anemia are discussed in subsequent chapters. Acanthocytes (from the Greek word acantha, which means thorn), or spur cells, are spiculated red cells with a few projections of varying size and surface distribution (see the images below). Elliptocytes and ovalocytes are among the poikilocytes that may be present when there is dyserythropoiesis; they are often present in megaloblastic anaemia (macro-ovalocytes) and in iron deficiency anaemia (“pencil cells”), but they may also be seen in myelodysplastic syndromes and in idiopathic myelofibrosis (see Fig. 3 Southeast Asian Ovaloctyes: Ovalocytes show two transverse zones of pallor separated by a transverse zone of cytoplasm. Ovalocytes are red blood cells that have an oval shape rather than the usual round doughnut shape. In our study, Burr cells were found in 80% of healthy individuals although the numbers of cells are very small. 1,2 Ovalocytes: Are red blood cells that are oval or egg shaped. Poikilocytosis can be defined as the occurrence of poikilocytes in blood. Burr cells are commonly found in both end-stage renal disease and liver disease. The key to differentiating crenated cells from true burr cells is the frequency with which crenated cells appear in the sample. It often occurs alongside iron-deficiency anemia. 4 Please also discuss with your doctor. They are actually the remains of the dead lymphocytes that have combined together into groups. They can result from chemical contamination, high humidity or from the blood drying slowly. The presence of burr cells is often indicative of nothing more than an artifact, something created artificially, and is thus of no diagnostic or clinical significance. Conditions of hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease, iron deficiency anemia, liver disease, and splenectomy are detected. They become significant only when they appear in … Poikilocytosis — various shapes of red cells; these may include burr cells (echinocytes), acanthocytes, elliptocytes, rouleaux, sickle cells, target cells, teardrop cells, and schistocytes (red cell fragments, helmet cells). They are commonly seen in cases of iron-deficiency anemia and thalassemia. Generally, poikilocytosis can refer to an increase in abnormal red blood cells of any shape where they make up 10% or more of the total population. Sometimes even a slight decrease in rbc counts may cause a few ovalocytes to be seen. The term “poikilocyte” is a generic or umbrella term to describe erythrocytes with abnormal shape. The term is derived from the Greek word ‘poikilos’ meaning ‘varied’. Anisocytosis is a condition in which the red blood cells are not even in size. We can subclassify poikilocytes by specific shape changes, some of which have fairly unique diagnostic significance, while other forms are quite non-specific. Sickle Cell. Spur r ed cells have elongated projections while Burr cells are red cells with circumferential blunted borders. Ovalocytes are typically seen in cases of low hemoglobin or red blood cells counts, ie anemia. Take care! Hence, they are also known as Basket Cells. A poikilocyte is an abnormally shaped cell. 4 It may be noted that normal RBCs are flattened, circular discs which are fatter at the borders as compared to the middle portion. Cells may be larger or smaller than usual. Burr cells type of echinocyte: found in patients with uraemia. The MCHC is not elevated, however, the reticulocyte count may be low. "if ovalocytes is present what does it mean in a baby that's two months old?" Diagnosis of Anisocytosis is often triggered falsely due to conditions such as increased WBC count or giant platelets. The plasma of human blood comprised of many white blood cells and red blood cells. View Practicum 1 Review.docx from HUN 1201 at Miami Dade College, Miami. ... Burr cells, also known as echinocytes, have a speculated border over the entire cell surface. Crenated erythrocytes are most commonly caused by excess EDTA (underfilled collection tube), but may also be caused by slow drying, drying in a humid environment, or an alkaline pH from glass slides. Stomatocyte. For example, red blood cells interacting with the glass of a microscope slide during a stained blood smear might result in the formation of burr cells. This condition also results in mild anemia due to the exaggerated destruction of these ovalocytes. Many red cells are macrocytic (larger) and oval (ovalocytes), with the mean corpuscular cell volumes increasing to >100 fl. Wherever possible, the red blood cell shape should be identified specifically, e.g. Although burr cells may be associated with diseases, such as uremia or pyruvate kinase deficiency, crenated cells, that may be confused with true burr cells/echinocytes, are frequent artifacts. Causes. 1,2 Macro-ovalocytes: Ovalocytes that are larger than a normal red blood cells. But if the quantity is found to be greater, it is regarded as a case of +2 Anisocytosis. Burr cells, also known as echinocytes, have a speculated border over the entire cell surface. Cabot's rings are circular or figure-of-eight structures in RBCs that stain red with Wright's stain and are thought to represent nuclear membrane remnants; they are found in similar conditions to Howell-Jolly bodies (see below). The “Burr” morphology, in this case, is artifactual related to slide preparation and not related to uremia. Burr Cells: Liver disease Renal disease Severe burns Bleeding gastric ulcers Maybe artifact Echinocyte (Burr Cell) Acanthocyte vs Echinocyte Howell-Jelly: are intracellular [medical-labs.net] Pediatric blood disorders are a group of noncancerous diseases, including bone marrow failure syndromes and hemoglobinopathies, which can affect the functioning and quality [mskcc.org] A review of 100 randomly chosen patients with burr cells revealed a pattern of associated diseases, that is, acute renal failure, liver failure, and congestive heart failure, different from that of patients with NRBCs. 1,2 Macro-ovalocytes: Ovalocytes that are larger than a normal red blood cells. 3 Southeast Asian Ovaloctyes: Ovalocytes show two transverse zones of pallor separated by a transverse zone of cytoplasm. 4. Cell Description: Elliptocytes: Red blood cells are cigar or pencil shaped with parallel sides and an area of pallor.