Several explanations have been given for this policy. This trade competition was the real cause of the war which broke ou in the 1650's between England and the Dutch Republic. At the outset of the war, England was an ally of France, leading to a naval conflict known as the Third Anglo-Dutch War. The disunity and conflict within the Dutch Republic contributed to its overall decline as a major power during 1650 to 1713. The Treaty of Dover, of 1670, promised a war on the Dutch Republic, in which France and England would join forces to bring about the downfall of the Dutch Republic. Finally, 30,000 German mercenaries, paid by Münster and Cologne and led by Luxembourg, would attack from the east. They were received with jubilation by the population, who assumed they came to save them from the French. [84] France returned Charleroi, Ghent and other towns in the Spanish Netherlands, in return for Spain ceding Franche-Comté, Ypres, Maubeuge, Câteau-Cambrésis, Valenciennes, Saint-Omer and Cassel; with the exception of Ypres, all of these remain part of modern France. 1670 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1670th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 670th year of the 2nd millennium, the 70th year of the 17th century, and the 1st year of the 1670s decade. Van Miert takes us through the personal and secretive correspondence of Joseph Scaliger (29-36), as well as through the … Although the writer of the pamphlet is clearly biased towards the merchants, the pamphlet is to be regarded as true because the writer, most likely a merchant, experienced the burden of the taxes first hand. When he arrived at Arnhem with his troops, immediately a force of two thousand horse and foot under Field Marshal Paulus Wirtz was sent out to cover the Betuwe. Although the debt was so immense, that every province of the Dutch Republic felt it, the few wealthy citizens of Amsterdam remained virtually untouched and stayed the wealthiest citizens of the Dutch Republic. [70] While this was a French victory, the appalling casualties confirmed Louis' preference for positional warfare, ushering in a period where siege and manoeuvre dominated military tactics. The Anglo-Dutch War was primarily fought at sea, masking the poor state of their army and forts, deliberately neglected since they were viewed as bolstering the power of the Prince of Orange. To prevent this, Turenne made a night march that enabled him to surprise the Imperial army and comprehensively defeated it at Entzheim on 4 October. Most of the Dutch States Army was based in the three southern fortresses of Breda, 's-Hertogenbosch and Maastricht; in November 1671, the Council of State reported these as being short of supplies and money, with many fortifications barely defendable. [28] The commander of Fort Schenkenschanz protecting the Lower Rhine abandoned his position. From that point onwards, Von Galen would wage a largely separate campaign. It required that Charles II of England would convert to the Roman Catholic Church and assist Louis XIV with 60 warships to help and 4000 soldiers in France's war of conquest against the Dutch Republic. [25] Rees, with a garrison of just four hundred and attacked by twelve thousand men, was the last to fall, on 9 June. Louis had not mentioned William in his peace conditions. [71], One of the biggest obstacles to Allied success in Flanders was their diverging objectives; the Imperials wanted to prevent reinforcements reaching Turenne in the Rhineland while the Spanish aimed at recovering losses in the Spanish Netherlands. In a Resolution of the Amsterdam City Council, in 1671, it was noted that the monarchs waging war against the Dutch Republic were solely interested in taking parts of the Dutch Republic for their own kingdoms. In early June, the Dutch headquarters at Arnhem prepared itself for a French onslaught on the IJssel Line. Only fear of the military power of De Ruyter's fleet had kept them from surrendering outright to the English. The Dutch received limited French support during the 1665–1667 Second Anglo-Dutch War but increasingly preferred a weak Spain as a neighbour to a strong France. [79] French strategy in Flanders was largely based on Vauban's proposed line of fortresses known as the Ceinture de fer or iron belt (see Map). However, should the enemy outflank this river by crossing the Lower Rhine into the Betuwe, the field army would fall back to the west to prevent being surrounded and quickly annihilated. These were confirmed by Condé in November and again in January 1672, Dutch regent de Groot describing him as 'one of our best friends. France demanded the areas of Brabant, Limburg and Guelders. The wars touched the Dutch Republic's trading ships and caused further disunion within the provinces. To their surprise, William flatly refused. Louis XIV, having successfully fought a powerful coalition, came to be known as the 'Sun King' in the years that followed the conflict. [54], The faltering offensive caused financial problems for the allies, especially England. In the first section of this paper, I will discuss the history of the idea of domesticity and its depiction in Dutch art. On 2 July, William was appointed stadtholder of Zealand and on 4 June of Holland. The Generality Lands included the fortresses of Breda, 's-Hertogenbosch and Maastricht. He was advised by his subcommanders to subsequently plunder the hardly defended Friesland and use vessels captured there to isolate Groningen, the largest city in the north. The very patricians that the French king desired to punish were traditionally pro-French and his natural allies against the pro-English Orangists. Detailed information about the coin 6 Stuivers Holland, Dutch Republic, with pictures and collection and swap management : mintage, descriptions, metal, weight, size, value and other numismatic data [13], The retention of border towns like Charleroi and Tournai in 1668 allowed Louvois to pre-position supply dumps, stretching from the French border to Neuss in the Rhineland. Meanwhile, the polders of the Holland Water Line had slowly filled, forming an obstacle to a possible French advance. The decline of the Dutch Republic was caused by a series of European wars, internal conflict, and a loss of trade dominance and economic abundance. [88], a conflict between the Dutch Republic and France and their allies (1672–1678), 1678: the Peace of Nijmegen and its consequences, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKenyon1993 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFShomette_&_Haslach2002 (, Henri Louis d'Aloigny, Marquis de Rochefort, Danish-Swedish (Scanian) War of 1675–1679, "The Wars of Louis XIV in Treaties (Part V): The Peace of Nijmegen (1678–1679)", "Treaty of Peace between France and Spain, signed at Nimeguen, 17 September 1678", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franco-Dutch_War&oldid=1008733457, Wars involving the states and peoples of Europe, History of the foreign relations of France, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 February 2021, at 19:54. [16], The French demonstrated their new tactics when over-running the Duchy of Lorraine in mid 1670, while the Dutch were given accurate information on their plans as early as February 1671. The news that the French had penetrated into the heart of the Republic led to a general panic in the cities of the province of Holland. The Third Dutch War was another military conflict, fought between the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of England. As a result of the naval battles fought, the Dutch Republic suffered great losses from their trading. [75], The 1675 Imperial campaign was directed by Montecuccoli, the only commander of the Alliance to be considered Turenne's equal. In exchange, Charles would secretly receive a yearly pension of … Louis also allowed his honour to take precedence over the raison d'état. [33] On his right flank, the armies of Münster and Cologne, reinforced by a French corps under de Luxembourg, advanced to the north along the river, after having taken Grol on 10 June and Bredevoort on 18 June.